PSG has now won the season-opening trophy on fourteen separate times.
The Parisian giants needed a dramatic leveler followed by a successful penalty shootout to get past their arch-rivals in the Gulf and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive Trophee des Champions title.
The Champions League holders appeared to be coasting towards a straightforward win in the showdown featuring the French league winners and the French Cup winners after Ousmane Dembele found the scoring early on.
Yet, Marseille struck twice in the closing moments to take a shock advantage. First, Mason Greenwood scored from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable turn of fortune, the Portuguese striker grabbed a vital leveler in the final seconds to send the match into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then emerged as the hero, saving crucial kicks from Matt O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and Desire Doue all converted successfully for PSG to complete a convincing shootout victory.
Now 14-time champions PSG, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now won this competition for the 12th time in the past thirteen years.